CIRCUIT

FINISH LINE

track axis 5.933 km20 cornersS1 2.033 kmS2 2.025 kmS3 1.945 km

sectors S1·S2·S3overtake (detection → activation)straight modenormal grip activationlow grip activationFIA circuit map + geometría 2022 (circuit key 144)

VALUES PER SESSION

PIA

ses.	wnd	useful	CdA (m²)	lo	hi	ClA (m²)	lo	hi
FP1	12	12	1.19	0.32	1.39	8.00	6.87	8.00
FP2	14	14	1.26	0.31	1.48	5.38	4.02	7.13
FP3	25	25	1.01	0.71	1.10	5.46	4.40	6.51
Q	5	5	0.38	0.20	1.37	6.17	4.89	7.45
R	9	9	0.94	0.20	1.60	6.04	4.85	7.23
event	65	65	1.06	0.86	1.18	5.99	4.33	8.00

A window is a stretch of lap flat enough to measure, and only the useful ones enter the drag fit. In green, the sessions that clear the floor of 5 useful windows — the first CdA gate, not the only one, so a green session can still fail on its band or its flatness; in grey, the ones that fall short. Load (ClA) is fitted from corner samples and gated separately, so a grey session can still publish its ClA. The last row is the whole event: one fit over every window of the weekend, which is how a driver can have a published CdA while no single session publishes one.

PIA

McLaren

Drag (CdA)1.01m²0.71–1.10 m²Session 11372 fit

Load (ClA)5.46m²4.40–6.51 m²Session 11372 fit

CHARTS

driver PIA

LOAD AGAINST SPEED

How much downward force the air generates on the car at each speed. The higher the curve, the harder it is pinned to the floor through fast corners. The dashed line is the car’s weight: where the curve crosses it, the air is already pushing it down harder than it weighs.

x axis speed [km/h] · y axis force [kN]——— load with ClA 5.46 m²- - - car weight 7.83 kNload = weight at 177 km/h

DRAG AGAINST SPEED

How much the air slows it down at each speed. This is the force the engine has to overcome on a straight, and it grows with the square of speed: at 300 km/h it costs four times what it costs at 150.

x axis speed [km/h] · y axis force [kN]——— drag with CdA 1.01 m²at 300 km/h · 4.15 kN

ClA ESTIMATED PER SESSION

How the aerodynamic load changed over the course of the weekend. Each point is one session’s estimate and the grey band is that fit’s margin of error. If it rises, the team added load; if it drops, they took it away.

FP1FP2FP3QR

x axis session · y axis ClA [m²] · grey band fit margin

CdA ESTIMATED PER SESSION

How air resistance changed from session to session. Lowering CdA buys straight-line speed; raising it is usually the price of carrying more load for the corners.

FP1FP2FP3QR

x axis session · y axis CdA [m²] · grey band fit margin